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1.
Nutr. hosp ; 40(6): 1192-1198, nov.-dic. 2023. tab, ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-228506

RESUMO

Introducción: la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) se caracteriza por su alta prevalencia de malnutrición, de difícil detección al ser subestimada por las herramientas habitualmente usadas. No existe un cribado nutricional válido a nivel hospitalario en castellano para identificar pacientes con ERC en riesgo de malnutrición. Objetivo: traducir y realizar la adaptación transcultural al castellano del cuestionario de Jackson y cols. (Renal Inpatient Nutrition Screening Tool [iNUT Renal]), que detecta el riesgo de malnutrición en pacientes con ERC ingresados, y compararlo con herramientas nutricionales clásicas. Métodos: fase 1: traducción, retrotraducción y adaptación transcultural del cuestionario en versión inglesa a la versión castellana. Prueba piloto realizada por enfermería con posterior cuestionario de satisfacción. Fase 2: comparación de iNUT Renal con Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) y Valoración Global Subjetiva (VGS). Resultados: fase 1: la valoración de enfermería fue altamente favorable. Lo consideraron fácil o muy fácil de utilizar y el 90 % lo realizó en un máximo de diez minutos. Fase 2: de los 48 pacientes incluidos, iNUT Renal detectó un 44 % en riesgo bajo de malnutrición, 28 % en riesgo intermedio y 28 % en riesgo alto. Se halló mayor sensibilidad del iNUT Renal (p < 0,007) vs. MUST (62,5 vs. 33,3 %), similar especificidad (87,1 vs. 90,6 %) y aceptable correlación en comparación con VGS (r = 0,75, IC 95 %: 0,67-0,83). Conclusiones: la versión castellana de iNUT Renal es una herramienta útil y de fácil comprensión para el personal sanitario. Asimismo, confirmamos su buena correlación con VGS, con mayor sensibilidad que MUST para la detección del riesgo de malnutrición en el paciente con ERC ingresado. (AU)


Introduction: chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by its high prevalence of malnutrition, difficult to detect as it is underestimated by the usual tools. There is no valid or hospital-level nutritional screening tool in Spanish to identify patients with CKD at risk of malnutrition. Objective: to translate and accomplish the transcultural adaptation of Jackson‘s questionnaire (Renal Inpatient Nutrition Screening Tool [Renal iNUT]) to Spanish, which detects the risk of malnutrition in CKD inpatients and compares it with other nutritional tools. Methods: phase 1: translation, back-translation and transcultural adaptation of the questionnaire from the English to the Spanish version. A pilot test was carried out by nursing staff together with a satisfaction questionnaire. Phase 2: comparison of Renal iNUT with Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Results: phase 1: the nursing staff’s perception was highly favorable. They found it easy or very easy to use and 90 % of them did it in a maximum of ten minutes. Phase 2: from 48 patients included, Renal iNUT detected 44 % at low risk of malnutrition, 28 % at intermediate risk and 28 % at high risk. Increased sensitivity of Renal iNUT (p < 0.007) vs MUST (62.5 vs 33.3 %) and similar specificity (87.1 vs 90.6 %) were found, together with an acceptable correlation compared to SGA (r = 0.75, 95 % CI: 0.67 to 0.83). Conclusions: the Spanish version of Renal iNUT is a useful and easy-to-understand tool for health professionals. We also confirm its good correlation with SGA, with greater sensitivity than MUST for the risk of malnutrition detection in CKD inpatients. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Programas de Rastreamento , Prevalência , Avaliação Nutricional
2.
Clin Kidney J ; 16(11): 2174-2184, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37915889

RESUMO

Background: The number of frail patients of advanced age with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) undergoing hemodialysis is increasing globally. Here we evaluated a frailty screening program of ESKD patients starting hemodialysis, and subsequent multidisciplinary interventions. Methods: This was a prospective observational study of ESKD patients in a hemodialysis program. Patients were evaluated for frailty (Fried frail phenotype) before and after a 12-month period. Patients followed standard clinical practice at our hospital, which included assessment and multidisciplinary interventions for nutritional (malnutrition-inflammation score, protein-energy wasting), physical [short physical performance battery (SPPB)] and psychological status. Results: A total of 167 patients (mean ± standard deviation age 67.8 ± 15.4 years) were screened for frailty, and 108 completed the program. At screening, 27.9% of the patients were frail, 40.0% pre-frail and 32.1% non-frail. Nutritional interventions (enrichment, oral nutritional supplements, intradialytic parenteral nutrition) resulted in stable nutritional status for most frail and pre-frail patients after 12 months. Patients following recommendations for intradialytic, home-based or combined physical exercise presented improved or stable in SPPB scores after 12 months, compared with those that did not follow recommendations, especially in the frail and pre-frail population (P = .025). A rate of 0.05 falls/patient/year was observed. More than 60% of frail patients presented high scores of sadness and anxiety. Conclusions: Frailty screening, together with coordinated interventions by nutritionists, physiotherapists, psychologists and nurses, preserved the health status of ESKD patients starting hemodialysis. Frailty assessment helped in advising patients on individual nutritional, physical or psychological needs.

3.
Nutr Hosp ; 40(6): 1192-1198, 2023 Dec 14.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37522452

RESUMO

Introduction: Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by its high prevalence of malnutrition, difficult to detect as it is underestimated by the usual tools. There is no valid or hospital-level nutritional screening tool in Spanish to identify patients with CKD at risk of malnutrition. Objective: to translate and accomplish the transcultural adaptation of Jackson's questionnaire (Renal Inpatient Nutrition Screening Tool [Renal iNUT]) to Spanish, which detects the risk of malnutrition in CKD inpatients and compares it with other nutritional tools. Methods: phase 1: translation, back-translation and transcultural adaptation of the questionnaire from the English to the Spanish version. A pilot test was carried out by nursing staff together with a satisfaction questionnaire. Phase 2: comparison of Renal iNUT with Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Results: phase 1: the nursing staff's perception was highly favorable. They found it easy or very easy to use and 90 % of them did it in a maximum of ten minutes. Phase 2: from 48 patients included, Renal iNUT detected 44 % at low risk of malnutrition, 28 % at intermediate risk and 28 % at high risk. Increased sensitivity of Renal iNUT (p < 0.007) vs MUST (62.5 vs 33.3 %) and similar specificity (87.1 vs 90.6 %) were found, together with an acceptable correlation compared to SGA (r = 0.75, 95 % CI: 0.67 to 0.83). Conclusions: the Spanish version of Renal iNUT is a useful and easy-to-understand tool for health professionals. We also confirm its good correlation with SGA, with greater sensitivity than MUST for the risk of malnutrition detection in CKD inpatients.


Introducción: Introducción: la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) se caracteriza por su alta prevalencia de malnutrición, de difícil detección al ser subestimada por las herramientas habitualmente usadas. No existe un cribado nutricional válido a nivel hospitalario en castellano para identificar pacientes con ERC en riesgo de malnutrición. Objetivo: traducir y realizar la adaptación transcultural al castellano del cuestionario de Jackson y cols. (Renal Inpatient Nutrition Screening Tool [iNUT Renal]), que detecta el riesgo de malnutrición en pacientes con ERC ingresados, y compararlo con herramientas nutricionales clásicas. Métodos: fase 1: traducción, retrotraducción y adaptación transcultural del cuestionario en versión inglesa a la versión castellana. Prueba piloto realizada por enfermería con posterior cuestionario de satisfacción. Fase 2: comparación de iNUT Renal con Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) y Valoración Global Subjetiva (VGS). Resultados: fase 1: la valoración de enfermería fue altamente favorable. Lo consideraron fácil o muy fácil de utilizar y el 90 % lo realizó en un máximo de diez minutos. Fase 2: de los 48 pacientes incluidos, iNUT Renal detectó un 44 % en riesgo bajo de malnutrición, 28 % en riesgo intermedio y 28 % en riesgo alto. Se halló mayor sensibilidad del iNUT Renal (p < 0,007) vs. MUST (62,5 vs. 33,3 %), similar especificidad (87,1 vs. 90,6 %) y aceptable correlación en comparación con VGS (r = 0,75, IC 95 %: 0,67-0,83). Conclusiones: la versión castellana de iNUT Renal es una herramienta útil y de fácil comprensión para el personal sanitario. Asimismo, confirmamos su buena correlación con VGS, con mayor sensibilidad que MUST para la detección del riesgo de malnutrición en el paciente con ERC ingresado.


Assuntos
Desnutrição , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Humanos , Estado Nutricional , Pacientes Internados , Avaliação Nutricional , Comparação Transcultural , Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Desnutrição/etiologia , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Inquéritos e Questionários
4.
Enferm. nefrol ; 26(1): 49-58, Mar 30, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-218439

RESUMO

Introducción: La seguridad del paciente en unidades de vigilancia intensiva, con terapia renal sustitutiva intermitente, está influenciada por diversos factores: los inherentes al paciente, humanos y técnicos.Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo y principales incidencias presentes en la práctica clínica, que interfieren en la seguridad del paciente al que se le realiza terapia sustantiva renal intermitente.Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 413 sesiones de terapia sustitutiva renal intermitente. Se obtuvieron datos demográficos, clínicos, complicaciones clínicas, técnicas, controles de monitores, medidas correctivas y factores de riesgo relacionados con las enfermeras mediante un cuestionario de experteza en diálisis. Resultados: 413 sesiones; (52,1%) hemodiálisis intermitente. Edad media 65 años; 78,7% sexo masculino; motivo de ingreso shock séptico (35,1%).Incidencias: error en la asignación de la modalidad (33,2%), pautas sin actualizar (30,5%), disfunción del acceso vascular (15,7%). Complicaciones clínicas: 47,6 en hemodiálisis intermitente, destacando hipotensión en 41,2%.Complicaciones técnicas en el 37,7% de las sesiones, coagulación total o parcial del circuito extracorpóreo (16,7%). Relacionados con el personal: falta de un programa estandarizado de formación (57,1%), variabilidad de personal (81%) y no asistencia a la capacitación programada (52,4%). Conclusión: La seguridad del paciente con terapia sustitución renal en unidades de vigilancia intensiva, es un proceso multifactorial: relacionados con aspectos no modificables (asociados al paciente), incidencias durante el procedimiento y complicaciones. Aunque no se produjeron efectos adversos mayores en la evolución clínica del paciente, éstos son considerados potenciales y algunos previsibles, controlables y evitables.(AU)


Introduction: Patient safety in intensive care units with intermittent renal replacement therapy is influenced by different factors; including patient-related, human, and technical factors.Objective: Identify risk factors and major incidences present in clinical practice affecting the patient safety on intermittent renal replacement therapy.Material and Method: Descriptive and retrospective study of 413 sessions of intermittent renal replacement therapy. Demographic and clinical data, clinical and technical complications, monitor controls, corrective measures, and nurse-related risk factors were obtained using a dialysis expert questionnaire. Results: Out of the 413 sessions, 52.1% were intermittent hemodialysis. Patients had a mean age of 65 years and 78.7% were male. 35.1% were admitted by septic shock. Incidences include error in modality assignment (33.2%), outdated protocols (30.5%) and vascular access dysfunction (15.7%). As clinical complications found 47.6% in intermittent hemodialysis and 41.2% had hypotension. Technical complications in 37.7% of sessions, with total or partial extracorporeal circuit coagulation (16.7%). As personnel related factors highlighted the lack of standardized training program (57.1%), personnel variability (81%), and not attending scheduled training (52.4%).Conclusions: Patient safety with renal replacement therapy in intensive care units is a multifactorial process involving non-modifiable patient-related aspects, incidences during the procedure, and complications. Although no major adverse effects were produced in the patient’s clinical evolution, risk factors are considered potential and some of them predictable, controllable, and avoidable.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Segurança do Paciente , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Fatores de Risco , Incidência , Diálise Renal , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos
5.
Enferm. nefrol ; 23(1): 94-97, ene.-mar. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-193379

RESUMO

DESCRIPCIÓN DEL CASO: Varón de 90 años en tratamiento de hemodiálisis desde el año 2009 a través de Fistula arteriovenosa autológa en brazo izquierdo. En el 2018 comienza con deterioro cognitivo que finalmente diagnostican como demencia vascular avanzada. En las sesiones de hemodiálisis presenta desconexión del medio, agitación psicomotriz llegando en ocasiones a agresiones verbales e intentos de extracción de las agujas. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PLAN DE CUIDADOS: Se realiza una valoración focalizada inicial para determinar la comorbilidad, mortalidad, el estado cognitivo y el grado de dependencia para las actividades de la vida, posteriormente aplicamos los diagnósticos de enfermería según la taxonomía NANDA con sus respectivos NIC y NOC. EVALUACIÓN DEL PLAN: Entre el mes de diciembre del 2018 y enero de 2019, se valoró durante 24 sesiones el estado del paciente, para priorizar el uso de sujeción física o abordaje terapéutico alternativo, recurriendo a la musicoterapia, acompañamiento emocional, escucha activa y distracción audiovisual para disminuir la agitación psicomotriz. Las medidas alternativas a la sujeción física disminuyeron los episodios de agitación psicomotriz durante el tratamiento de hemodiálisis. CONCLUSIONES: El papel de enfermería es fundamental para evitar sujecciones físicas innecesarias. La única indicación para el uso de sujeción física se debería contemplar cuando existe el riesgo de interrupción del tratamiento, comprometiendo la seguridad del paciente. En el caso clínico presentado, las intervenciones alternativas a la sujeción física disminuyeron la agitación psicomotriz durante las sesiones de HD


CASE DESCRIPTION: A 90-year-old male on hemodialysis treatment since 2009 through autologous arteriovenous fistula in the left arm. In 2018, the patient presents cognitive deterioration symptoms, being finally diagnosed with advanced vascular dementia. In the hemodialysis sessions, he presents disconnection of the environment, psychomotor agitation, sometimes reaching verbal aggressions and attempts to extract the needles. DESCRIPTION OF THE CARE PLAN: An initial focused assessment is carried out to determine comorbidity, mortality, cognitive status and the degree of dependence for activities of daily living, then nursing diagnoses according to the NANDA taxonomy, with their respective NIC and NOC, were applied. EVALUATION OF THE CARE PLAN: During the month of December 2018 and January 2019, the patient's condition was assessed for 24 sessions, to avoid the use of physical support or alternative therapeutic approach. Music therapy, emotional accompaniment, active listening and audio-visual distraction were used to reduce psychomotor agitation. Alternative measures to physical restraint decreased episodes of psychomotor agitation during hemodialysis treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The nursing role is essential to avoid unnecessary physical restraint. The only indication for the use of physical restraint should be considered when there is a risk of interruption of treatment, compromising patient safety. In the case report presented, alternatives to physical restraint interventions decreased psychomotor agitation during hemodialysis sessions


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Demência Vascular/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Diálise Renal/métodos , Musicoterapia
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